Cl-1| English Grammar | Ch-5: Noun

Pre-Requisites

• Ch-4: Parts of Speech

Learning Objective

On successful completion of this lesson, students will be able to:

• demonstrate basic knowledge on noun, kids of noun, noun number , gender.
• analyze the rules to convert singular into plural noun.
• develop problem-solving skills.
• apply in real life.

Dictionary

• Letter: A, a, B, b etc.
• Consonant: other than A, e, i, o and u.
• Vovel: A, e, i, o and u
• Semi-vowels: W & y
• Word: A group of letters
• Sentence: Group of words
• Parts of speech: Noun, pronoun etc.
• Noun: Touch, See or Fee
• Kind: Type
• Gender: Sex
• Countable: Which can be counted
• Uncountable: Which cannot be counted

5.1 Noun

=> Noun: Name of a person , place, thing or an animal.

=> Noun: Anything that can be Touched , Seen or Felt is called a noun.

e.g

1.Name of persons:

• Anjali Kumari
• Bholu Singh
• Padmini etc.

2. Name of places:

• Patna
• Surat
• Jhajha etc.

3.Name of things:

• Pen
• Book
• Pencil etc.

4.Name of animals:

• Cat
• Goat
• Lion etc.

5.2 Types of Nouns

=> 5 types of nouns:

1. Proper Noun
2. Common Noun
3. Collective Noun
4. Material Noun
5. Abstract Noun

5.2.1 Proper Noun

=> Proper noun: Single piece on this earth.

e.g

• Sun
• Ram
• Shyam
• Moon
• Earth
• Patna
• The Ganges
• The Ramayana etc.

5.2.2 Common Noun

=> Common noun: It denotes entire community.

e.g

• boy
• cat
• dog
• village
• state etc.

5.2.3 Collective Noun

=> Collective noun: It denotes a collection.

e.g

• family
• army
• bunch
• mob
• team etc.

5.2.4 Material Noun

=> Material noun: Material things.

e.g

• water
• team
• milk
• flour
• cement
• bricks etc.

5.2.5 Abstract Noun

=> Abstract noun: Feeling things.

e.g

• Sound
• hot
• noise
• cool
• happiness etc.

5.3 Noun Number

=> On the basis of numbers of noun, there are 2 types of nouns:

5.3.1 Uncountable Noun

=> Uncountable noun: The noun which cannot be counted is called the uncountable noun.

e.g

• salt
• sugar
• milk etc.

=> Uncountable noun has no plural form.

=> Uncountable noun always exists in singular form.

=> If we make plural form of the uncountable noun then its meaning changes.

e.g

• wood —> woods (both have different meaning)

5.3.2 Countable noun

=> Countable noun: The noun which can be counted is called the countable noun.

e.g

• boy
• girl
• home etc.

=> Countable noun has its singular and plural forms.

=> Countable Noun has 2 numbers:

5.3.2.1 Singular Number

=> Singular Number: It denotes 1 person/animal/thing.

e.g

• apple
• boy
• cat
• dog etc.

5.3.2.2 Plural Number

=> Plural number: It denotes more than 1 person/animal/thing.

e.g

• apples
• boys
• cats
• dogs etc.

5.4 Rules to form Plural Noun from Singular Noun

Singular Noun —> Plural Noun

R1. Generally, we add s at the end of a singular noun to make its plural noun.

e.g

• ant —> ants
• animal —> animals
• apple —> apples
• boy —> boys
• cat —> cats
• cow —> cows
• doctor —> doctors
• dog —> dogs
• egg —> eggs
• eye —> eyes
• friend —> friends
• horse —> horses
• house —> houses

R2. Singular noun ends with s/ss/sh/ch/x —-add es—-> Plural noun.

e.g

• bus —> buses
• gas —> gases
• ass —> asses
• class —> classes
• dress —> dresses
• brush —> brushes
• bush —> bushes
• dish —> Dishes
• torch —> torches
• bench —> benches
• branch —> branches
• tax —> taxes
• box —> boxes
• fox —> foxes

Note: If meaning of ch is k then add only s.

e.g

• stomach —> stomachs
• monarch —> monarchs

R3. ends with vowel+y —> add only s

e.g

• boy —> boys
• key —> keys
• play —> plays

R4. ends with consonant+y —> Remove y and add ies

e.g

• baby —> babies
• story —> stories
• lady —> ladies

R5. ends with f/fe —> Remove f/fe and add ves

e.g

• leaf —> leaves
• life –> lives
• knife —> knives
• calf —> calves
• loaf —-> loaves
• thief —> thieves
• wife —> wives
• wolf —> wolves

Note: Some words don’t follow the above rule.

e.g

• hoof —> hoofs
• roof —> roofs
• proof —> proofs
• handkerchief —>handkerchiefs

R6. ends with consonant+o —> add es

e.g

• hero —> heroes
• mango —> mangoes
• buffalo —> buffaloes
• tomato —> tomatoes
• potato —> potatoes
• mosquito —> mosquitoes

Note: Some don’t follow the above rule.

e.g

• photo —> photos
• piano —> pianos

R7. ends with vowel+o —> add only s

e.g

• bamboo —> bamboos
• cuckoo —> cuckoos
• radio —> radios
• studio —> studios

R8. Make plural noun by changing its root letters

e.g

• man —> men
• ox —> oxen
• woman —> women
• foot —> feet
• child —> children
• tooth —> teeth

R9. Singular and plural forms are same.

e.g

• fish —> fish
• sheep —> sheep
• deer —> deer

=> Take care of noun & its number while writing or speaking.

Table 5.1 Singular Nouns and Plural Nouns

5.5 Gender

=> In English , 4 types of gender:

5.5.1 Masculine Gender

=> Masculine gender: It denotes a man.

e.g

• son
• father
• boy
• dog etc.

5.5.2 Feminine gender

=> Feminine gender: It denotes a female.

e.g

• sister
• daughter
• girl
• mother etc.

5.5.3 Common gender

=> Common gender: It denotes a noun is either a male or a female.

e.g

• child
• parent
• student
• teacher etc.

5.5.4 Neuter gender

=> Neuter gender: It denotes a noun is neither a male nor a female.

e.g

• box
• ball
• oil etc.

=> Small animals , insects and non-living things are under neuter gender.

5.6 Masculine –> Feminine

R1. New word

e.g

• boy —> girl
• bull —> cow
• brother —> sister etc.

R2. add ess

e.g

• god —> goddess
• lion —> lioness
• poet —> poetess etc.

R3. Remove vowel and add ess

e.g

• actor —> actress
• tiger —> tigress etc.

=> prince —> princess (exceptional)

R4. Other

e.g

• grandson —> granddaughter
• father-in-law –> mother-in-law
• he-goat —->she-goat etc.

Table 5.2 Gender

Table 5.3 Masculine gender to feminine gender

Masculine gender –> Feminine gender

5.7 Practice Set

Set-1

1.Make the plural form of the following:

• boy
• cat
• bench
• class
• school
• dish
• copy
• studio
• man
• ox

2. Choose the words which have no plural form.

• milk
• fish
• deer
• sheep
• iron
• ghee
• cat
• dog
• ant
• ball

3. Make the singular form of the following:

• cats
• studios
• photos
• benches
• classes
• men
• oxen
• women
• pencils
• copies

4. Choose the singular words.

• boys
• dog
• keys
• man
• men

6. Underline all the nouns in the following sentences:

• Cow is a pet animal.
• She has legs.
• What is your name?
• My name is Query Karo.
• River flows.

7. Underline all the proper nouns of the followings:

• Ram is a boy.
• He has two legs.
• My name is Query Karo.

8. Make the feminine gender form of the following:

• boy
• man
• father
• sister
• god

9. Make the masculine gender form of the following:

• girl
• woman
• mother
• sister
• goddess

10. Make the opposite gender form of the following:

• bitch
• dog
• man
• woman
• girl
• god

11. Give any ten examples of uncountable nouns.

12. Give any ten examples of countable nouns.

13. Pick out the uncountable nouns.

• milk
• boy
• cat
• dog
• honey

14. Underline the countable nouns.

• Ram is a boy.
• She has four legs.
• I have two pens.
• River iis situated at Patna.
• Apple is so toasty.

5.8 Quiz

5.9 Test

5.10 Exam

The exam will be conducted after the completion of the course.

5.11 Ask Question

Ask your doubts here

…..The End…..

Index

• See all chapters here

Other Notes

• Counting from one to hundred: एक से लेकर सौ तक गिनती
• Punctuation Mark: विराम चिन्ह
• Roman Numerals : 1 to 3000
• Testing
• Words Start with letter G
• Words Start with letter F
• Words Start with letter E
• Words Start with letter D
• Words Start with letter C
• Words Start with letter B

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